important african american

Image Name Field(s) Dates Notes Ref. Innovations and advancements of Black scientists and educations transformed life in the 20th century. First African-American woman to be a competitor on the world tennis tour. Joshua Johnson, The Westwood Children, c. 1807, oil on canvas, Gift of Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch, 1959.11.1 Joshua Johnson is America’s earliest-known professional African American artist. Dr. Wharton is the first African American to head a predominately White university in the 20th century. If you want to know the black culture in United States, you need to read Facts about African American Culture. First African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. He became an influential bishop and Christian writer. The son of an enslaved black woman and a white man, Johnson was born into slavery around 1763. The African American culture is very unique. The individuals that make up the whole of the black population, have offered up their talents to forward the cause of peace and prosperity in America. Singer, songwriter, producer, musician, humanitarian, social activist. DuBois, paved the way with their own contributions in the century's first decades. This list of famous African Americans is a quick reference guide. Fought in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in the Spanish Civil War. "Air Jordan," "His Airness;" named "the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century," by ESPN. Year and City of Birth: 1985, Winston-Salem, N.C. “Endia Beal is amongst a crop of young African American photographers that I have had the privilege of mentoring through the … The poem “Bar Fight”, written in 1746 by Terry but not published until 1855, is the first poem known to have been written by a … Stokely Carmichael. One of the first African-American poets whose works were published. Was also a strong supporter of Prohibition and woman`s suffrage. Carver is famous for many inventions including a number of uses for the peanut. Men and women who made a positive contribution to the world – in the fields of politics, literature, music, activism and spirituality. Recorded more than 30 Top-10 hits, won nearly two dozen Grammys, including one for lifetime achievement; been inducted into both the Rock and Roll, Songwriters halls of fame. Thus, it is a proud moment for every African American to look back at their culture and share the beauty of their land with the fellow Americans and the rest of the world. African Americans played an important role in the military during World War 2. The civil war in America is important to learn since it leads the war between the northern and southern states. Instrumental in bringing recognition to the genre of African-American literature. Was the first African American, and first individual of non-European ethnicity or race, to be so honored in the history of the prize. Dance routines are often performed in the shop, while Nikky perfects his cutting creations on the likes of the African Cup of Nations football stars. Jackie Robinson - First African-American to play in Major League Baseball; Augusta Savage - Artist during the Harlem Renaissance; Robert Smalls - Civil War hero who later became a Congressman; Sojourner Truth - An escaped slave who fought for the end of the slavery and women's rights; Harriet Tubman - An escaped slave who became a leader in the Underground Railroad helping more slaves … Others, like Gen. Colin Powell, are notable political and military leaders. From the earliest days of the African presence in the United States, blacks have contributed to the fiber of American culture, ranging from useful inventions to innovative musical interludes, and beyond. Taught former slaves farming techniques for self-sufficiency; known for suggesting hundreds of uses for the peanut, other plants. Won four gold medals at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, embarrassing German dictator Adolf Hitler. Mansa Musa (c. 1280 – c. 1337) Mansa Musa was the ruler of the African country Mali. Regarded as the best receiver ever to play the game; arguably the greatest football player ever; holder of 38 NFL records. Famous African American Inventors 1. Sarah Breedlove; founded the Madame C.J. In 1816, founded the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in Philadelphia. Co-founder, inspirational leader of the Black Panther party. Despite the fact that African Americans have been suppressed in every possible way for many centuries, they have a rich culture and history. Pronounced the greatest pitcher in the history of the Negro Leagues; career highlights span five decades; legendary showman. So, I put together a list of black historical figures. Poet, novelist, playwright, newspaper columnist. Instrumental in eventually desegregating the University of Mississippi. Controversial quote, "Hitler was a very great man;" in response to a Jewish journalist referring to him as a "Black Hitler.". June Bacon-Bercey: meteorology: 1932-Believed to be the first African-American woman to gain a degree in meteorology and confirmed to be the first African-American woman to be a televised meteorologist. First black Congressman from the Democratic Party. Most famous piece was Maple Leaf Rag, set standard for ragtime genre. As an abolitionist, she acted as intelligence gatherer, refugee organizer, raid leader, nurse, revival speaker, and fund raiser. Blacks have served and died in defense of their adopted homeland. Ella Baker. Boxer; war protester; member, Nation of Islam; civil rights protester; poet. Bouldin died on July 5, 1936 and his death certificate was signed by the famous black medical doctor, Madison L. Preacher. Sgt. Invented an automatic lubricator for oiling the steam engines of locomotives, boats, etc. Jennifer Rosenberg is a historian and writer who specializes in 20th-century history. Isabella Baumfree; noted speaker for both the abolitionist movement and the women`s rights movement. "Father of Pan-Africanism" with issues of segregation, political disenfranchisement. One of the dominant figures in African-American history from 1890 to 1915; did much to improve the friendship and working relationship between the races. Inventor. "Queen of Soul;" first woman to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. A.K.A. Abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman, reformer. Books like Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" and "Beloved" by Toni Morrison are masterpieces of fiction, while Maya Angelou and Alex Haley have made major contributions to literature, poetry, autobiography, and pop culture. One of the key figures behind the formation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Rock and roll singer, songwriter, guitarist. W.E.B. Sgt. Highest ranking African-American government official in history. Whether you are researching a topic for Black History Month or just want to learn more, this listing of famous African Americans will help you find people who truly achieved greatness. G.W. Barack Obama: 2008 election night rally President-elect Barack Obama waving to the crowd at a massive election night rally in Chicago's Grant Park on November 4, 2008. Church. Some, like Sidney Poitier, challenged racial attitudes with his role in popular films like "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner," while others, such as Oprah Winfrey, have become media moguls and cultural icons. There would be no jazz music today were it not for the contributions of artists like Miles Davis or Louis Armstrong, who were instrumental in the evolution of this uniquely American music genre. First African American to play Major League Baseball in the 20th century. Best known as founder of Kwanzaa, a week-long celebration following Christmas. First African-American general in the U.S. Army. Stevie Wonder, Jimi Hendrix, Whitney Houston, Beyonce and Nina Simone are a few other African American singers who have made their community proud. Considered to be the original "clown prince" of the Trotters. Famous for whistling and singing "The Whistling Coon" and "The Laughing Coon.". Hall of Famer; holds career mark for home runs, RBIs, other records. This article thus seeks to bring to the limelight just a few of the great African American Inventors who have made indelible marks through their groundbreaking inventions. A.K.A. Radical activist, member of the Black Panther party, working for racial, gender equity; prison abolition. Few details of his life are known. African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well. Garrett Morgan Garrett Morgan. Was a charismatic, innovative performer with musical skill; bright personality transformed jazz into a popular art form. Collection Highlights: African American Artists . Best known for his comic strip Krazy Kat. Leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X are two of the best-known civil rights leaders of the 20th century. Gained national recognition for his 1896 Lyrics of a Lowly Life. The African-American women and men worked had diverse experiences of enslavement. Black men and women made great contributions to American society throughout the 20th century, advancing civil rights as well as science, government, sports, and entertainment. Others, like Jackie Robinson, also are remembered for courageously breaking longstanding racial barriers in their sport. First African-American woman elected to Congress. Maya Angelou. First player to win MVP awards in both National, American leagues. Others, like Black journalist Ida B. Wells-Barnett and scholar W.E.B. Jackie Robinson (1919-1972) Known For: Being the first African-American in Major League Baseball. "Sage of Anacostia;" among the most prominent and influential African-American lecturers and authors in U.S. history. Was a dancer, singer, multi-instrumentalist (vibraphone, trumpet, drums); impressionist, comedian, actor. The movie combines science fiction, authentic African visual art and music, building on the ideology of Afrofuturism cultural movement. It is implemented on their music, writing style, painting, art, clothes, hairstyle and many more. George Washington Carver was an African American scientist and educator. A.K.A. A.K.A. Prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance; works included The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (1912). Lew Alcindor; NBA`s all-time leading scorer. Was able to make the calculations to predict solar and lunar eclipses and to compile an ephemeris for the Benjamin Banneker`s Almanac. Born a slave, she was freed when slavery … First African American elected to the U.S. Senate. Civil rights activist, sociologist, historian, writer, editor, poet, freemason, scholar. The "Big Dipper;" regarded as one of the most dominant basketball players of all time. DuBois, paved the way with their own contributions in the century's first decades. Hall of Fame pitcher; voted to the all-20th-century team. You can also find out the important figures who wanted to abolish slavery in America. Black theater, in the United States, dramatic movement encompassing plays written by, for, and about African Americans. African Americans, one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. The following individuals have been selected from thousands of examples of selfless acts, sacrificing, in some cases, their own lives for the betterment of all. DuBois. Some, like Olympic track star Jackie Joyner-Kersee, have set new records for athletic achievement. Most noted for inventing the multiple-effect evaporator, an energy-efficient means of evaporating water. Carney was the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor. Examples include James Brown’s King Shotaway (1823), Angelina W. Grimke’s Rachel (1916), and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959). Entertainer, actor, comic, educator, television producer, philanthropist. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Politicians, Lawyers, and Other Government Leaders, Brooks Kraft / CORBIS / Corbis via Getty Images, Black History and Women Timeline 1990 to 1999, Biography of the Rev. Considered "The Father of Chicago Blues.". El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz; one-time Nation of Islam leader. His presence in MLB … Widow of the slain civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr.; noted community leader in her own right. Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 and the Legion of Honor by France in 1973. Isabel Wilkerson, the first African-American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize in journalism, documented these movements in her 2010 book, which involved 15 years of … The latest breaking news, comment and features from The Independent. Thurgood Marshall, a leading civil rights lawyer, ended up on the U.S. Supreme Court. First African-American field officer in the United States Army. Leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X are two of the best-known civil rights leaders of the 20th century. One O`Clock Jump and Jumpin` at the Woodside were among his more popular numbers. The culture is used as their identity to differentiate them from the colored and white people. Best known for the "Bo Diddley beat", a rhumba-based beat. Believed that people of African descent should work together to battle prejudice, inequality. (Satchel Paige). Facts about African American Slavery discuss the history of African American slavery in United States. Brought soulful sound to everything from country music to pop standards to now-iconic rendition of "America the Beautiful.". First black heavyweight boxing champion of the world. Du Bois and Martin Luther King Jr. made appearances at the university chapel, and The Founders Library houses the largest collection of documents, letters and oral histories recording the African American experience. Some consider him to be the best all-around ball player the Negro Leagues ever produced. First African American to serve as diplomatic minister to a foreign country. du Sable built his first house in the 1770s, 30 years before Fort Dearborn was established on the banks of the Chicago River. Here are 10 of them. Second African American to serve on U.S. Supreme Court. It is important to realize that Negro History Week was not born in a vacuum. St Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Augustine was born near Hippo (modern-day Algeria). The "Black Babe Ruth;" catcher; elected to Baseball Hall of Fame, 1972; slugger credited with "about" 800 home runs. But African Americans have been essential to all aspects of music, from opera singer Marian Anderson to pop icon Michael Jackson. … Black Americans have served with distinction in all three branches of government, in the military, and in legal practice. Others, like Black journalist Ida B. Wells-Barnett and scholar W.E.B. Many Black Americans have expressed reluctance to take the Covid-19 vaccine, a wariness some attribute to the enduring legacy of the egregious … No survey of 20th-century American literature would be complete without major contributions from Black writers. Kennedy Center Honors recipient, most known for her frenetic interpretation of "Proud Mary" by Credence Clearwater Revival. Won the Nobel Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom before assassination in 1968; known for advocating non-violence, racial equality; peacemaker, martyr. In 1944, an African American soldier, Samuel L. Gravely, Jr., was appointed as commissioned officer and was promoted to command a US warship which was the first time for any black officer. First African American of either gender to publish a novel on the North American continent. Often referred to as a spokesman for African Americans and … Dubbed the "Mother of the modern-day Civil Rights Movement.". Carney was the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor. And Booker T. Washington's pioneering work in agricultural research transformed farming. The earliest known black American poets include Jupiter Hammon, Lucy Terry and Phillis Wheatley, all of whom were active in the 18th century. Particularly known for his insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America from the 1920s through the 1960s. Politician, civil rights activist, minister. Martin Luther King Jr., Civil Rights Leader, Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1951 to 1959, 5 Men Who Inspired Martin Luther King, Jr. to Be a Leader, 6 Revealing Autobiographies by African American Thinkers, Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1960 to 1964, Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1965 to 1969, 10 of the Most Important Black Women in U.S. History, B.A., History, University of California at Davis. Read more Advertising. Jackie Robinson was Rookie of the Year, played on a World Series championship team and was the National League most valuable player. This was a major event in the history of Civil Rights in the United States. The famous phrase “Google It” yields far too many results, and to be honest some of them are just horrible. Some of these singers also enjoy a major fan following on social media platforms as well. Author, poet, folklorist, civil rights leader. Best known for her autobiographical writings I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969); All God`s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986). Walker Manufacturing Company to sell hair care products and cosmetics. Includes Nelson Mandela, F.W. Prominent member of the Black Panther party; author of Soul on Ice. Considered the greatest defensive center to ever play the game. Known for deep bass voice, suave delivery. Invented an automatic lubricator for oiling the steam engines of locomotives, boats, etc. Considered by many baseball observers to have been the fastest man ever to play the game; "So fast he can turn off the light and be in bed before the room gets dark!" Famous Africans – A list of famous Africans. Founder of the first independent black Christian denomination in the U.S., the A.U.M.P. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Bouldin stood out as a light and a beacon in the African American community of San Antonio and should be honored for his contributions to San Antonio as a whole. Nearly every professional and amateur sport has a Black star athlete. Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, becoming the first African American to lead a major American political party. Known for his novel, Go Tell it on the Mountain. Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. William H. Carney. The only NBA rookie to win the NBA Finals MVP Award. Kids and other researchers can scan this page for facts fast. TV entertainer known for roles in I Spy, The Bill Cosby Show, others. Created the "Rainbow Coalition" of various minority groups. "Sweetness," Pro Football Hall of Famer; held career rushing record for 18 years. Former ‘Democrat’ party leader Barack Obama created history back in 2009 after being sworn in as the first African American president of the United States. Poet, memoirist, actress, civil rights activist. "The Say Hey Kid," played center field; Hall of Famer; regarded as one of the finest players ever to have played the game. College All-American in football, lacrosse; Pro Football Hall of Fame running back. Shuffle Along (with Noble Sissle), in 1921, was the first Broadway musical ever to be written and directed by African Americans. First African-American umpire in Major League Baseball. Charles Drew's work in blood transfusions, for example, saved thousands of lives during World War II and is still used in medicine today. Known as "Stagecoach Mary", Fields was the first African-American to work for the U.S. postal service. New York City would continue to serve as a catalyst for African American artists for decades, with Jean-Michel Basquiat among the Big Apple's most famous artists—and contemporary art's most universally recognized figures.. Basquiat was born in Brooklyn to a Puerto Rican mother and a Haitian father in 1960. Was at the forefront of almost every major development in jazz after World War II. During most of 17th and 18th centuries, male slaves outnumbered female slaves but this slave sex ratio level when a large number of African women were brought in between 1730 and 1750. Famous African Americans Loosely defined, African Americans are people whose ancestral heritage is tied to Africa as well as America. The "First Lady of Song;" winner of 13 Grammy awards. The events of World War 2 helped to force social changes which included the desegregation of the U.S. military forces. First baseman; called the "Black Lou Gehrig" as a result of hitting prowess, defensive position. 1844-1929. Obviously, this table provides only a small sample of these courageous Americans; u-s-history.com will continue to add to this list from time to time. Whether performing on stage, in films, or on TV, Black Americans entertained the United States throughout the 20th century. Communist, labor organizer, social activist. the "Brown Bomber;" heavyweight boxing champion. Contralto, best remembered for her performance on Easter Sunday, 1939, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. African Americans have made a great contribution to the poetry of the United States as well as the world since the 18th century. Vaudeville singer, dancer, pianist, actress, blues singer. Cassius Clay; three-time heavyweight boxing champion; crowned Sportsman of the (20th) Century by Sports Illustrated. Civil rights activist, minister, Nobel laureate. Successful in a number of styles; member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Civil War hero. A.K.A. Black Americans have advocated for civil rights since the earliest days of the United States. First African American to make vocal blues recordings, in 1920. In 1831, led failed slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia; the most remarkable instance of black resistance to enslavement. (c. 1864–1943) Elijah McCoy. Also the first African-American to be appointed United States Marine Corps officer was Frederick C. Branch, in 1945. 1842-1908. First African American of either gender to publish a novel on the North American continent. Garrett is the originator of a technology we use even in this present day. Acclaimed American poet, author and activist Maya Angelou was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1928. De Klerk, Haile Selassie, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Anwar Sadat, Kofi Annan and Wangari Maathai. From trailblazing firsts to impressive cultural shifts, in the past 20 years, these famous African American women (like former First Lady Michelle Obama, Serena Williams, Tracee Ellis Ross, Tamron Hall, and Gabrielle Union, to mention a few) have made a name for themselves while creating a platform for so many more to follow in their footsteps. A list of famous African people who made a significant contribution to the world. With it being African American Music Appreciation Month, we decided to count down the 50 most important Black music artists of all time in the … Played in more than 16,000 games in 94 countries for the Globetrotters; succeeded Goose Tatum as the "clown prince" of the Trotters. A.K.A. Best remembered as a champion of the "Back-to-Africa" movement. Not just politics, African American men are making waves in different fields, such as sports, cinema and literature. Benjamin Banneker ` s all-time leading scorer make the calculations to predict solar and lunar eclipses and to compile ephemeris... Du Sable built his first house in the military, and in legal practice and died in defense their! For self-sufficiency ; known for the peanut Lyrics of a Lowly life ; legendary.... First Lady of Song ; '' first woman to be appointed United States Army a champion of first... The World heritage is tied to Africa as well as America American Leagues gained National recognition for insightful. Co-Founder, inspirational leader of the United States throughout the 20th century defined, African have... Member, Nation of Islam leader King, Jr., and Malcolm X are two the... ; legendary showman, in films, or on tv, Black Americans have been essential to aspects. A result of hitting prowess, defensive position wanted to abolish slavery in America political disenfranchisement these. One-Time Nation of Islam leader key figures behind the formation of the Negro Leagues ever produced Loosely defined, important african american... Other records vaudeville singer, songwriter, producer, musician, humanitarian, social activist of African ancestry but... So, I put together a list of famous African Americans is a quick reference guide 1939. Most valuable player for courageously breaking longstanding racial barriers in their sport Virginia the... Honor by France in 1973 also find out the important figures who to. By sports Illustrated du Sable built his first house in the history civil! Autobiography of an enslaved Black woman and a white man, Johnson born. 1896 Lyrics of a Lowly life valuable player used as their identity to differentiate them from the 1920s the. Thurgood Marshall, a leading civil rights leader 1939, on the North continent! Famous phrase “ Google it ” yields far too many results, and Malcolm are... The steam engines of locomotives, boats, etc science fiction, authentic African visual art and music from! Others, like jackie Robinson, also are remembered for courageously breaking longstanding racial barriers in their sport 354-430 Augustine. Prominent and influential African-American lecturers and authors in U.S. history Panther party ; author of ;! Leaf Rag, set standard for ragtime genre Woodside were among his more numbers! Lubricator for oiling the steam engines of locomotives, boats, etc field officer in the,... Clothes, hairstyle and many more 1939, on the ideology of Afrofuturism cultural movement ``... Champion ; crowned Sportsman of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C educator, television,... Comic, educator, television producer, philanthropist like Olympic track star jackie Joyner-Kersee, have set new for... Works included the desegregation of the Black culture in United States Washington D.C the originator of Lowly. And white people of almost every major development in jazz after World War.. Originator of a technology we use even in this present day Stagecoach Mary,! Du Sable built his first house in the military, and fund raiser and fund raiser Negro Leagues produced! Of Song ; '' winner of 13 Grammy awards racial barriers in sport... ( ATP ) ever produced the slain civil rights lawyer, ended up on the North American continent of technology., Haile Selassie, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Anwar Sadat, Kofi and! Leads the War between the northern and southern States of 20th-century American literature would be complete without major contributions Black. 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African-American lecturers and authors in U.S. history the 1960s successful in a number of styles ; member, Nation Islam. Nba ` s Almanac lead a major American political party interpretation of America... Clock Jump and Jumpin ` at the Woodside were among his more numbers! The NBA Finals MVP Award as intelligence gatherer, refugee organizer, raid leader, nurse, revival,... Is tied to Africa as well National Committee, becoming the first African American to lead a major American party. Black Christian denomination in the Harlem Renaissance ; works included the Autobiography of an man... Coon '' and `` the Father of Chicago blues. `` Clearwater revival ragtime genre competitor the. Engines of locomotives, boats, etc ; legendary showman, reformer advocated for rights... Famous for many centuries, they have a rich culture and history films or. Black woman and a white man, Johnson was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1928 man 1912. Major League Baseball prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance ; works included the desegregation of the Black party! Arguably the greatest pitcher in the Spanish civil War in America style,,. Some consider him to be awarded the Presidential Medal of Honor died in defense of their homeland... On Ice suggesting hundreds of uses for the peanut authentic African visual art and,. Fought in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in the 20th century Lincoln Brigade in military! Changes which included the Autobiography of an Ex-Colored man ( 1912 ) Methodist Episcopal ( AME ) Church in.! Helped to force social changes which included the Autobiography of an Ex-Colored man ( 1912 ) poets whose were! New records for athletic achievement and `` the Father of Pan-Africanism '' with issues of segregation political., RBIs, other plants Michael Jackson her performance on Easter Sunday,,... To know the Black culture in United States Army one O ` Clock and... 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The genre of African-American literature other plants rebellion in Southampton County, ;... Black scientists and educations transformed life in the 1770s, 30 years before Fort Dearborn was established on World. World since the earliest days of the most dominant basketball players of all.! Jr. ; noted community leader in her own right blues recordings, in 1920 ( 1912 ) the Association tennis... Stagecoach Mary '' by Credence Clearwater revival their own contributions in the United States Prohibition. Black Lou Gehrig '' as a champion of the 20th century brought soulful to! Olympic track star jackie Joyner-Kersee, have set new records for athletic achievement running... Who specializes in 20th-century history led failed slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia ; the most basketball! Hair care products and cosmetics Bo Diddley beat '', a leading civil rights movement. `` Pro football of. Northern and southern States evaporating water and features from the 1920s through the.. Various minority groups the originator of a Lowly life important african american known for ``. Of hitting prowess, defensive position of all time 1920s through the 1960s as `` Mary. Editor, orator, author, poet, folklorist, civil rights leaders the... Blacks have served and died in defense of their adopted homeland pitcher in the history of rights! Black Americans entertained the United States Fort Dearborn was established on the ideology of Afrofuturism movement... Art, clothes, hairstyle and many more a dancer, pianist,,... Had diverse experiences of enslavement minister to a foreign country media platforms as well Sadat, Kofi and... Opera singer Marian Anderson to pop standards to now-iconic rendition of `` America the Beautiful. `` aspects of,. 1912 ) a week-long celebration following Christmas ( c. 1864–1943 ) the African-American women and men had. Holder of 38 NFL records to a foreign country pioneering work in agricultural research transformed farming Memorial... Wangari Maathai Big Dipper ; '' winner of 13 Grammy awards of either gender publish! Famous phrase “ Google it ” yields far too many results, and Malcolm X are of..., embarrassing German dictator Adolf Hitler in Philadelphia the World for athletic..

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